as.factor()  
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The as.factor() function comes with R and is part of the Base R {base} package.
We use this function to coerce a value or variable array to be a factor, i.e. change the variable’s type into a factor type.
as.factor(array to coerce into factor type)
as.factor(factor array to get factor of all its values)Some examples below use the carnivores dataset. Learn more about this dataset with get_help("carnivores").
# Show the carnivores dataset
carnivores## # A tibble: 9 × 4
##   name              genus        awake brainwt
##   <chr>             <fct>        <dbl>   <dbl>
## 1 Arctic fox        Vulpes        11.5  0.0445
## 2 Cheetah           Acinonyx      11.9 NA     
## 3 Dog               Canis         13.9  0.07  
## 4 Gray seal         Haliochoerus  17.8  0.325 
## 5 Jaguar            Panthera      13.6  0.157 
## 6 Lion              Panthera      10.5 NA     
## 7 Northern fur seal Callorhinus   15.3 NA     
## 8 Red fox           Vulpes        14.2  0.0504
## 9 Tiger             Panthera       8.2 NA
# Convert the character array to a factor array
as.factor( c("a", "b", "b", "c", "c", "c") )## [1] a b b c c c
## Levels: a b c
 
# Coerce the character `genus` column in carnivores into a factor column
carnivores$genus <- as.factor(carnivores$genus)# Coerce the character `genus` column in carnivores into a factor column using dplyr::mutate()
carnivores %>%
  dplyr::mutate(genus = as.factor(genus))## # A tibble: 9 × 4
##   name              genus        awake brainwt
##   <chr>             <fct>        <dbl>   <dbl>
## 1 Arctic fox        Vulpes        11.5  0.0445
## 2 Cheetah           Acinonyx      11.9 NA     
## 3 Dog               Canis         13.9  0.07  
## 4 Gray seal         Haliochoerus  17.8  0.325 
## 5 Jaguar            Panthera      13.6  0.157 
## 6 Lion              Panthera      10.5 NA     
## 7 Northern fur seal Callorhinus   15.3 NA     
## 8 Red fox           Vulpes        14.2  0.0504
## 9 Tiger             Panthera       8.2 NA